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باحثون يتوصلون لعقار يساعد على التخلص من الذكريات المؤلمة 


أفاد باحثون كنديون أن عقار " ميتيرابون" يساعد في تخفيف قدرة الدماغ على تذكر العواطف

السلبية المرافقة للذكريات المؤلمة.

ونقلت وكالة (يو بي أي) عن باحثين من جامعة مونتريال ومستشفى "لويس لافونتان" أن تذكر

أحداث مؤلمة عند تناول عقار "ميتيرابون" يخفف قدرة الدماغ على إعادة تسجيل العواطف

السلبية المرافقة للذكريات المؤلمة.

وقالت الباحثة ماري فرانس ماران إن "الميتيرلبون عقار يخفف بشكل كبير معدلات هرمون

الكورتيزول، وهو هرمون توتر مرتبط بعملية التذكر".

وأجريت الدراسة على 33 رجل سمعوا قصة فيها أحداث عادية وأحداث سلبية، وبعد 3 أيام تم

تقسيمهم إلى 3 مجموعات، تلقت إحداها جرعة واحدة من الميتيرابون والثانية جرعتين فيما

حصلت المجموعة الثالثة على دواء وهمي وطلب من الرجال تذكر القصة وتم تقييم أداء ذاكرتهم

بعد 4 أيام.

وأوضحت مارين "وجدنا أن الرجال في المجموعة التي حصلت على جرعتين من الميتيرابون

واجهوا صعوبات في تذكر الأحداث السلبية في القصة بينما تذكروا الجوانب العادية فيها".

يذكر أن نتائج الدراسة  نشرت في دورية "علم الغدد العيادي والأيض".

سيريانيوز

شكرا كتيير سلام مواضيعك كلها حلوة وعلمية متل ما عودتينا وبعرف أنوماحدا عم يعلق ب ..........كل شي جديد.............. بس حبيت أنو اتشكرك
                                ;
عنجد اذا في هيك دواء الله و ايدهن أنا أوّل شخص بدي جرّبو و اذا لسّة بيحتاجو لمتطوعين أنا بتمنى كون أوّلهن بس شو بدو ينسّى الواحدلينسي                              i(9;         

الأسى مستحيل أنو ينتسى

السلام عليكم


عفوا تسلمي يا رب...    

له ليش هيك عم تحكي... الله يبعد عنا الغم يا رب... بس أنا بحس إنو الأسى والحزن ضروري
مشان نحس بقيمة السعادة لما بتجي...

سعدت بمرورك 

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Drug Can Reverse Overgrown Hearts to Help Prevent Heart Failure

السلام عليكم


Antifungal Drug Delays Need for Chemo in Advanced Prostate Cancer


Newswise — The oral antifungal drug itraconazole, most commonly used to treat nail fungus, may keep prostate cancer from worsening and delay the need for chemotherapy in men with advanced disease. Details of the finding, from a clinical trial led by Johns Hopkins experts, are scheduled for presentation on Saturday, June 4 at the 2011 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) annual meeting (abstract #4532).

Currently, the drug is approved to treat fungal infections in nails and other organs. Serious side effects can include heart failure, and Johns Hopkins experts caution that itraconazole needs further study before it can be considered for prostate cancer treatment.

Identified as a potential anticancer drug after Hopkins scientists scoured a database of more than 3,000 FDA-approved drugs, itraconazole appears to block tumor blood vessel growth -- the only drug in its class to do so -- much like the anticancer drug bevacizumab (Avastin). The antifungal also disrupts a key cancer-initiating biological pathway called Hedgehog. Laboratory testing by Johns Hopkins scientist Jun Liu, Ph.D., has shown that human prostate tumors implanted in mice shrink when treated with itraconazole.

“The most effective therapy we have right now for metastatic prostate cancer is hormone therapy, and when it doesn’t work, the next step is usually chemotherapy,” says Emmanuel Antonarakis, M.D., assistant professor of oncology at the Johns Hopkins Kimmel Cancer Center. In a search for compounds that could put off chemotherapy, the Johns Hopkins team turned to itraconazole.

For the study, patients with prostate cancer that had spread to other organs and did not respond to hormone therapy were randomly assigned to receive low or high doses of itraconazole.

Over 24 weeks of daily treatment with oral itraconazole, the investigators tracked the length of time for each patient’s prostate cancer to worsen (called progression-free survival). Evidence of worsening disease was measured by a 25 percent increase in their blood level of prostate specific antigen (PSA), a marker for prostate cancer.

Early in the trial, preliminary analysis of 17 men receiving low doses of itraconazole showed that only two of them (11.8 percent) had stable or declining PSA. Because of the limited response, no further men were given low doses of the drug.

However, 11 of 24 (48.4 percent) men taking high doses of itraconazole had stable or declining PSA levels lasting at least 24 weeks. In addition, nearly a third of men taking the high dose had PSA reductions of 30 percent or more. Metastatic prostate cancer patients receiving no treatment typically would worsen in eight to 12 weeks, according to Antonarakis.

The investigators also found that 12 of 14 men taking high doses of itraconazole had lower levels of circulating tumor cells present in their blood after therapy, compared with their baseline levels.

Seven patients experienced side effects, including low potassium, hypertension and fluid retention, but the problems were resolved with potassium replacement pills, anti-hypertension drugs, and diuretics.

“We also tested whether itraconazole acted as hormone therapy by tracking levels of testosterone and DHEA (a testosterone derivative) in the blood, and we found no reductions of either testosterone or DHEA,” says Antonarakis. “This finding shows that itraconazole is not just another hormone therapy, and has a unique mechanism of action.”

Antonarakis and colleagues next plan to examine blood and skin samples taken from study participants specifically to look for levels of proteins linked to tumor blood vessel formation and the Hedgehog pathway.

“With these results, we believe that high-dose itraconazole is worth studying in a larger group of men with advanced prostate cancer,” adds Antonarakis.

The clinical trial was funded by the Department of Defense (DoD) Prostate Cancer Research Program, the Commonwealth Foundation for Cancer Research, the David H. Koch Charitable Foundation, a 2009 American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Young Investigator Award granted to Antonarakis, and the National Institutes of Health/National Cancer Institute.

In addition to Antonarakis, other investigators participating in the research on behalf of the Prostate Cancer Clinical Trials Consortium included Amanda Blackford, Serina King, Anja Frost, Seun Ajiboye, Sushant Kachhap, Michelle Rudek, and Michael Carducci from Johns Hopkins; Elisabeth Heath from the Karmanos Cancer Institute; David Smith from University of Michigan, Ann Arbor; and Dana Rathkopf and Daniel Danila from Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center

لماذا يقلل تناول الكافئين من الخصوبة لدى الإناث؟
تؤدي مادة الكافئين إلى انخفاض النشاط العضلي في قناتي فالوب واللتين تحملان البويضات من المبيضين إلى الرحم
حيث قال البروفسور Sean Ward من جامعة Nevada School of Medicine في مدينة رينو، في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية: "وصلنا إلى هذه النتيجة من خلال دراستنا للفئران، إلا أن هذه النتائج يمكن أن تشرح تماماً سبب انخفاض فرص الحمل لدى النساء اللواتي يتناولن المشروبات التي يدخل الكافئين في تركيبها". وقد نُشرت هذه الدراسة في مجلة British Journal of Pharmacology.
إن البويضات البشريّة هي أجسام مجهرية، و يجب أن تصل إلى الرحم إذا أرادت المرأة الحصول على حملٍ ناجح، وعلى الرغم من أن هذه العملية تعتبر مرحلة أساسية لنجاح الحمل إلا أن العلماء لا يعلمون إلا القليل حول طريقة انتقال البيوض عبر قناتي فالوب العضليتين، إذ لطالما كان الاعتقاد السائد بوجود نتوءات صغيرة شعرية الشكل  تدعى الأهداب تبطن القناة دافعة البيوض عبر القناة بمساعدة التقلصات العضلية في جدران القناة.
وجد الأستاذ Ward وفريقه –من خلال دراستهم للقنوات الناقلة للبويضات لدى الفئران– أن الكافئين يعمل على إيقاف عمل خلايا موجودة ضمن جدران القناة والتي تقوم بدور ناظم الخطى.
حيث تقوم هذه الخلايا بتنسيق تقلصات القناة وبالتالي فعند تثبيطها تعجز البويضات عن الوصول إلى نهاية القناة.
تلعب هذه الخلايا في الحقيقية دوراً أكبر من دور الأهداب في تحريك البويضة إلى الرحم، حيث يقول الأستاذ Ward: "تمنحنا هذه النتائج تفسيراً واضحاً حول السبب الكامن وراء طول الفترة اللازمة لحمل النساء اللواتي يتناولن الكافئين بكميات كبيرة مقارنة بالنساء اللواتي لا يتناولن أي مواد تحوي الكافئين."
إن لاكتشاف الرابط بين تناول الكافئين وانخفاض الخصوبة عدة فوائد، حيث يقول الأستاذ Ward: "إلى جانب الفائدة المحتملة في مساعدة النساء اللواتي يجدن صعوبة في الحمل، فإنه يوفر فهماً أفضل عن طريقة عمل قناتي فالوب ما قد يساعد الأطباء في علاج التهابات الحوض والأمراض المنتقلة بالجنس بطريقة أنجع".
و أضاف: "كما أن هذه الدراسة قد تسهم في زيادة الفهم حول مسببات الحمل الهاجر والذي يعتبر من الحالات الطبية المؤلمة بشدة والمهددة للحياة والتي يحدث فيها توقف للجنين ضمن قناة فالوب ليبدأ ضمنها بالنمو والتطور."

تاريخ النشر: 2011-06-05

السلام عليكم


Calorie-Burning Brown Fat Is a Potential Obesity Treatment


Newswise — A new study suggests that many adults have large amounts of brown fat, the “good” fat that burns calories to keep us warm, and that it may be possible to make even more of this tissue.

The study’s lead author, Aaron Cypess, MD, PhD, will present the results Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

“We are now even more optimistic that brown fat could be used for treating obesity and diabetes,” said Cypess, an assistant professor at Harvard Medical School and the Joslin Diabetes Center in Boston.

Cypess heads the research team that two years ago published a study showing that brown fat is present in adults, not just in infants and small mammals, as scientists had thought. Although most adult fat is calorie-storing white fat, most adults have some brown fat in an area extending from the front of the neck to the chest, he reported at The Endocrine Society’s meeting in 2009.

Now they have learned that brown fat cells lie in deeper fat, not superficial fat, and that the number of regions of brown fat varies by person, Cypess reported. They discovered this by measuring the expression of a protein found exclusively in brown fat, called uncoupling protein-1. However, even in those regions where many brown fat cells are present, they are mixed with white fat cells.

“It’s a marbling at the cellular level,” Cypess said. “We wondered: Wouldn’t it be nice if you could grow more brown fat? The answer is yes.”

In their new study, the researchers succeeded in growing mature human brown fat cells from preadipocytes, or pre-fat cells, that they obtained from a fresh sample of brown fat taken from the neck of a patient having routine surgery. The process took about two weeks in a laboratory dish but likely occurs more quickly in the body, Cypess said.

“Some of these preadipocytes may have the choice to become either white or brown fat,” he said.

In another experiment, Cypess and his colleagues measured how many calories brown fat burns. To do so, they measured the fat cells’ oxygen consumption rate in both cultures and surgical tissue samples from volunteers.

“We demonstrated that brown fat burns up a substantial number of calories,” Cypess said. “We have an organ in our body whose job it is to generate heat and burn calories.”

Although Cypess said stimulating the growth of additional brown fat may be a promising treatment of obesity, it cannot replace traditional approaches such as diet and exercise. He said, “As powerful as brown fat could be at burning calories, we can easily out-eat the benefit.”

The National Institutes of Health and the Eli Lilly Foundation funded this study.

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Anti-Obesity Vaccine Reduces Food Consumption in Animals


Newswise — A new therapeutic vaccine to treat obesity by suppressing the appetite-stimulating hormone ghrelin decreases food intake and increases calorie burning in mice, a new study finds. The results will be presented Sunday at The Endocrine Society’s 93rd Annual Meeting in Boston.

“An anti-ghrelin vaccine may become an alternate treatment for obesity, to be used in combination with diet and exercise,” said Mariana Monteiro, MD, PhD, an associate professor at the University of Porto in Portugal. She is lead investigator of the study.

Ghrelin is a gut hormone that promotes weight gain by increasing appetite and food intake while decreasing energy expenditure, or calorie burning. Recent research shows that bariatric surgeries, such as gastric bypass, suppress ghrelin.

“This suggests that there is a hormonal mechanism underlying the weight loss attained by the surgical procedures,” Monteiro said.

Monteiro’s group developed a therapeutic vaccine using a noninfectious virus carrying ghrelin, which was designed to provoke an immune response—development of antibodies against ghrelin—that would suppress this hormone. They then vaccinated normal-weight mice and mice with diet-induced obesity three times and compared them with control mice that received only saline injections.

Compared with unvaccinated controls, vaccinated mice—both normal-weight and obese mice—developed increasing amounts of specific anti-ghrelin antibodies, increased their energy expenditure and decreased their food intake, the authors reported. Within 24 hours after the first vaccination injection, obese mice ate 82 percent of the amount that control mice ate, and after the final vaccination shot they ate only 50 percent of what unvaccinated mice ate, Monteiro said.

The effects of each vaccination lasted for the two months of the study, which for the normal 18-month lifespan of mice, corresponds to four human years, she said. They reportedly saw no toxic effects in the mice as a result of the vaccine.

Vaccinated obese mice also displayed a reduced expression of neuropeptide Y (NPY). Monteiro said, “NPY is the most potent signal that increases appetite in the central nervous system. This finding shows that the anti-ghrelin vaccine decreased the feeding signals in the brain.”

Funding support for this study came from the Foundation for Science and Technology (Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia) in Lisbon, Portugal

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Epilepsy Drugs' Risk of Birth Defects May Be Dose-Dependent

The higher the dosage, the greater the risk from four common medications, study finds



"

Scientists Unlock Potential of Frog Skin to Treat Cancer



ScienceDaily (June 6, 2011) — Scientists at Queen's University Belfast have discovered proteins in frog skins which could be used to treat cancer, diabetes, stroke and transplant patients by regulating the growth of blood vessels.

The award-winning research, led by Professor Chris Shaw at Queen's School of Pharmacy, has identified two proteins, or 'peptides', which can be used in a controlled and targeted way to regulate 'angiogenesis' -- the process by which blood vessels grow in the body. The discovery holds the potential to develop new treatments for more than seventy major diseases and conditions that affect more than one billion people worldwide.
The proteins are found in secretions on the skins of the Waxy Monkey Frog and the Giant Firebellied Toad. Scientists capture the frogs and gently extract the secretions, before releasing them back in to the wild. The frogs are not harmed in any way during this process.
Professor Shaw said: "The proteins that we have discovered have the ability to either stimulate or inhibit the growth of blood vessels. By 'switching off' angiogenesis and inhibiting blood vessel growth, a protein from the Waxy Monkey Frog has the potential to kill cancer tumours. Most cancer tumours can only grow to a certain size before they need blood vessels to grow into the tumour to supply it with vital oxygen and nutrients. Stopping the blood vessels from growing will make the tumour less likely to spread and may eventually kill it. This has the potential to transform cancer from a terminal illness into a chronic condition.
"On the other hand, a protein from the Giant Firebellied Toad has been found to 'switch on' angiogenesis and stimulate blood vessel growth. This has the potential to treat an array of diseases and conditions that require blood vessels to repair quickly, such as wound healing, organ transplants, diabetic ulcers, and damage caused by strokes or heart conditions."
Explaining how his research team looks to the natural world to solve problems where other methods of drug discovery have failed, Professor Shaw said: "Because of its huge potential, angiogenesis has been a prime target for drugs development research over the past forty years. But despite an investment of around $4-5 billion by scientists and drugs companies around the world, they have yet to develop a drug that can effectively target, control and regulate the growth of blood vessels.
"The aim of our work at Queen's is to unlock the potential of the natural world -- in this case the secretions found on frog and toad skins -- to alleviate human suffering. We are absolutely convinced that the natural world holds the solutions to many of our problems, we just need to pose the right questions to find them



مو معقول شو قلبهم طيب
استخلصو المادة من جلد الضفادع بس ما قتلوهم وأطلقو سراحهم