شكرا لك سلام

ما أنزل الله من داء إلا وأنزل له دواء

والأمل يزداد بقرب القضاء على هذا المرض باذن الله تعالى

ربنا يوفقكم اريد اعرف فوائد الكروميوم

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أهلا بك أخت حنان... أرجو أن تجدي ما تريدينه في هذه الموسوعة

http://www.marefa.org/index.php/%D9%83%D8%B1%D9%88%D9%85%D9%8A%D9%88%D9%85

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حقنة تقي من تضرر الأنسجة جراء الأزمات القلبية   


لندن-سانا

خلصت دراسة علمية حديثة إلى أن إعطاء حقنة في الكوع تخفف الآثار السلبية الناتجة عن

التعرض لأزمة قلبية أو جلطة دماغية.

ونقلت صحيفة الإندبندنت البريطانية عن الدراسة قولها إن الأزمات القلبية والجلطات الدماغية

تسبب ضررا كبيرا في خلايا عضلة القلب والخلايا الدماغية نتيجة توقف تدفق الدم وانقطاع

الأوكسجين مضيفة أن الضرر طويل الأمد يحدث عند عودة دوران الدم وتبدأ دفاعات الجسم

بمهاجمة الخلايا الحافظة للأوكسجين.

وقال البروفسور ويليم شفابل من جامعة نيويورك إن الحقنة تحتوي على مضادات حيوية من

شأنها أن تحسن من نمو الخلايا وتعوض الأنسجة التالفة والتي قد تنجم أحيانا عن العمليات

الجراحية.

يذكر أن الأبحاث التي استمرت سبع سنوات أبرزت نتائج مذهلة على الحيوانات وستتم تجربتها

بشريا في مشفى غلينفيلد.

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Ginkgo Biloba Reduces Pain and Inflammation in Rats


Study Leads New Insights into How Ginkgo May Help to Reduce Postoperative Pain

Newswise — San Francisco, CA. (April 26, 2011) – Experiments in rats show that a standardized ginkgo extract—injected either into the spinal canal or directly into the injured area—effectively reduces inflammation and some types of pain, according to a report in the May issue of Anesthesia & Analgesia, official journal of the International Anesthesia Research Society (IARS).

The ginkgo biloba extract EGb 761 reduces abnormal responses to heat pain (thermal hyperalgesia), with an effect similar to that of a commonly used pain reliever, reports the study by Sharron Dolan, Ph.D., and colleagues of Glasgow Caledonian University, U.K. They write, "These studies indicate that EGb 761 may offer therapeutic benefit for the treatment of postinjury-associated thermal hyperalgesia and acute inflammation."

Study Clarifies Ginkgo's Pain-Reducing Effects
The researchers used a standard technique to induce pain and inflammation in the paws of rats. They then compared the effects of treatment with EGb 761, a standardized gingko formulation; and diclofenac—a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) commonly used to treat arthritis and other painful conditions. These treatments were given in two different ways: local injection into the paw and central (intrathecal) injection into the spinal canal.

At both injection sites, EGb 761 had significant pain-reducing effects. In reducing thermal hyperalgesia, it was just as effective as diclofenac. The ginkgo extract effectively reduced swelling in the paw swelling, even when injected into the spinal canal.

EGb 761 had no effect on abnormal responses to mechanical stimuli, such as a pinprick (mechanical hyperalgesia). Diclofenac did reduce mechanical hyperalgesia.

In previous animal studies, oral treatment with EGb 761 has shown significant analgesic (pain-reducing) and anti-inflammatory effects. The new study was designed to clarify how these effects occur by comparing the effects of local (paw) and central (spinal canal) injection of EGb 761.

The results show that both local and central administration of ginkgo extract reduce inflammation and thermal hyperalgesia, with effects similar to those of a standard NSAID. The findings lend new insights into the specific pain pathways affected by ginkgo.

The study also adds to the evidence suggesting that gingko extracts could play a useful role in treating some types of inflammatory pain. More study is needed to further clarify how EGb 761 works, and to demonstrate the full range of its treatment and adverse effects.

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Baby Doll Therapy Aims to Soothe Geriatric Patients



Newswise — DANVILLE – What parent hasn’t watched their young child in amazement as they pick up a baby doll, tenderly cradling and stroking it as though the child were mimicking the way their own parent held them? As quintessential as these toys are for young children, research has found that baby dolls are also effective tools in soothing geriatric patients.

At Geisinger Medical Center (GMC), nearly 40 percent of the patient population is considered to be geriatric – age 65 or older. These older patients often come to the hospital with complex medical conditions, a long list of medications, and functional and cognitive limitations. They may also struggle with dementia or episodes of delirium upon hospitalization.

To better care for their geriatric patients, GMC nurses affiliated with Nurses Improving Care for Healthsystem Elders (NICHE), a national geriatric initiative to improve the care of older hospitalized adults, began to research the use of alternative treatment methods, namely baby doll therapy.

According to GMC nurses Tami Underhill, R.N., BSN, and Sarah Evans, R.N., this mode of therapy involves the simple act of offering a doll to a patient in need of soothing. The approach may seem fluffy to some, but it works wonders with their patients, according to Underhill.

“It is an effective therapy for improving dementia patients’ quality of life,” Underhill said. “It is also one of the easier therapies, if not the easiest, to administer.”

Research has found that geriatric patients, particularly patients who suffer from dementia, tend to be more active and more focused when they are carrying or handling baby dolls. It also enhances communication, focus, attitude toward other patients and caretakers, while reducing agitation during routine care when they would typically become angry or difficult.

According to a recent study at a United Kingdom university, dolls have healing effects on individuals with dementia, and the Alzheimer’s Association reports that this method has become widely used in hospitals, nursing homes and patient homes, as well as during hospice care.

At a nursing facility in Phoenix, Ariz., one nursing supervisor initially objected to a similar therapy, but quickly changed her opinion after seeing how calm a patient became when she rocked, caressed and fed her “baby.”

“Not only do we want our patients to be healthy, but we want them to be happy,” Underhill said. “The dolls are just a simple means to that end.”

The baby doll therapy is just the first of a series of initiatives that will be part of GMC’s alternative therapy program. Other tactics coming soon to GMC are the use of age-appropriate music – a little Glenn Miller, perhaps? – puzzles, games and playing cards, all of which will be delivered to in-patients units when the need arises.

Underhill and Evans anticipate seeing patients who are more at ease, with minds occupied by activities they find pleasurable.

“Our overall goal is to improve the care of our elderly patients,” Underhill said. “We also hope that our nurses will be pleased to have a new array of tools they can use

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تحذيرات من تداعيات التدخين السلبي على صحة الأطفال


براغ-سانا

حذرت دراسة صحية تشيكية حديثة من أن احتمالات إصابة الأطفال الذين يعيشون في عائلات مدخنة بالتهابات في الأذن الوسطى تزداد بنحو 40 بالمئة مقارنة بالأطفال الذين لا يدخن أهلهم فيما تبلغ احتمالات إصابتهم بالربو33 بالمئة بينما يرتفع خطر الإصابة بالسرطان لديهم إلى نسبة 50 بالمئة عند تقدمهم بالعمر.

وأكد البروفيسور التشيكي اليش لينهارات أن خطر الإصابة بالسكري عندما يكبرون يرتفع أيضا لدى الأطفال الذين يدخن أهلهم منبها إلى أن التعرض لعشر دقائق فقط من التدخين السلبي يحدث تغييرات في وظائف الشرايين والتهابات في الجسم يمكن قياسها.

وبين أن تدخين سيجارة واحدة بالقرب من الطفل يعني أن جسمه يصبح في وضعية التعرض لالتهاب أما الشيء الأسوأ فهو أن تدخين الأهل يزيد احتمالات تعرض الطفل حديث الولادة إلى الوفاة.

وأوضح البرفيسور التشيكي أن تدخين عشر سجائر يوميا يضاعف خطر وفاة الطفل أما في حال تدخين ما بين 10 إلى 20 سيجارة يوميا في المكان الذي يوجد فيه الطفل حديث الولادة فإن احتمالات وفاة الطفل تتضاعف بمقدار 6ر2 بالمئة.

ونبه إلى أن الشرايين التي تزود القلب بالدم تعمل لدى الشخص غير المدخن والموجود في الوسط الذي يتم فيه التدخين بشكل مشابه تماما للشخص الذي يدخن لذلك تظهر في الجسم بعد ساعة خلايا ميتة.

وخلص البروفيسور التشيكي الى الاستنتاج بأن العيش مع مدخن أو الوجود في العمل مع مدخن يعني بالنسبة لغير المدخن إمكانية التعرض للأمراض التي يتعرض لها المدخن الذي يدخن عشر سجائر يوميا.

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Researchers Discover Way to Make Insulin Cells


Findings of UCLA study hold promise for fight against diabetes
Newswise — Simply put, people develop diabetes because they don't have enough pancreatic beta cells to produce the insulin necessary to regulate their blood sugar levels.
But what if other cells in the body could be coaxed into becoming pancreatic beta cells? Could we potentially cure diabetes?
Researchers from UCLA's Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center have taken an important step in that direction. They report in the April issue of the journal Developmental Cell that they may have discovered the underlying mechanism that could convert other cell types into pancreatic beta cells.
While the current standard of treatment for diabetes — insulin therapy — helps patients maintain sugar levels, it isn't perfect, and many patients remain at high risk of developing a variety of medical complications. Replenishing lost beta cells could serve as a more permanent solution, both for those who have lost such cells due to an immune assault (Type 1 diabetes) and those who acquire diabetes later in life due to insulin resistance (Type 2).
"Our work shows that beta cells and related endocrine cells can easily be converted into each other," said study co-author Dr. Anil Bhushan, an associate professor of medicine in the endocrinology division at the David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA and in the UCLA Department of Molecular, Cell and Developmental Biology.
It had long been assumed that the identity of cells was "locked" into place and that they could not be switched into other cell types. But recent studies have shown that some types of cells can be coaxed into changing into others — findings that have intensified interest in understanding the mechanisms that maintain beta cell identity.
The UCLA researchers show that chemical tags called "methyl groups" that bind to DNA — where they act like a volume knob, turning up or down the activity of certain genes — are crucial to understanding how cells can be converted into insulin-secreting beta cells. They show that DNA methylation keeps ARX, a gene that triggers the formation of glucagon-secreting alpha cells in the embryonic pancreas, silent in beta cells.
Deletion of Dnmt1, the enzyme responsible for DNA methylation, from insulin-producing beta cells converts them into alpha cells.
These findings suggest that a defect in beta cells' DNA methylation process interferes with their ability to maintain their "identity." So if this "epigenetic mechanism," as the researchers call it, can produce alpha cells, there may be an analogous mechanism that can produce beta cells that would maintain blood sugar equilibrium.
"We show that the basis for this conversion depends not on genetic sequences but on modifications to the DNA that dictates how the DNA is wrapped within the cell," Bhushan said. "We think this is crucial to understanding how to convert a variety of cell types, including stem cells, into functional beta cells."
According to the American Diabetes Association, 25.8 million children and adults in the U.S. — 8.3 percent of the population — have diabetes.
The National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, the Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation, and the Helmsley Trust funded this study.
Additional co-authors of the study are Sangeeta Dhawan, Senta Georgia, Shuen-ing Tschen and Guoping Fan, all of UCLA.
The Larry L. Hillblom Islet Research Center at UCLA, established in 2004, is the first center dedicated to the study of the Islets of Langerhans, which include the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. An understanding of the causes of islet cell destruction is key to finding a cure for diabetes. The center's faculty members, recruited from around the world, provide leadership in the worldwide fight against the disease. The center is made possible through a grant from the Larry Hillblom Foundation, established to support medical research in the state of California.

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فكرة مبتكرة

بس حسيتهم عم يلفو ويدورو
وما حكو شلون ممكن نحول الخلايا الهرمونية الأخرى لخلايا بيتا بنكرياسية
                                                                           
بتضل طبعاً هي أسرار مستحيل يفصحو عنها

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من جهة عم يلفو ويدورو فلا يخلو الأمر, كل المقالات النازلة جديد تقريبا بتحكي بشكل عام ومو كثير تخصصي...

بس يلي فهمتو كفكرة عامة لتفكيرهم إنو هنن عم ينطلقوا من فكرة إنو كل خلية بالجسم بتمتلك كل الجينات (ال23 ألف جين) بس كل خلية عندها جينات صامتة وجينات عم تعبر عن حالها وهي يلي بتعطي الخلية دورها الوظيفي... فلو خلينا مثلا الجينات الصامتة بخلايا ألفا تتكلم وتعبر عن نفسها (يعني نشطنا نفس الجينات يلي عند بيتا يلي كانت صامتة بألفا) فهيك ممكن تشتغل نفس شغلتها وتصير تفرز أنسولين... والتنشيط ما عم يكون باللعب بالجين بحد ذاته, عم يكون بالتطوي  يعني إذا غيرنا هيئة التطوي بطريقة ما فممكن يصير هالتنشيط...